Summary: Mean (±SE) intima–media thickness adjusted for age, sex, height, and racial or ethnic group was increased by 80±19 µm (95 percent confidence interval, 43 to 116; P<0.001) among carriers of two variant alleles, as compared with carriers of the common (wild-type) allele. In multivariate analysis, the increase in intima–media thickness among carriers of two variant alleles (62 µm, P<0.001) was similar in this cohort to that associated with diabetes (64 µm, P=0.01), the strongest common cardiovascular risk factor. Increased intima–media thickness was significantly associated with intake of both arachidonic acid (P for trend <0.001) and linoleic acid (P for trend=0.03) among carriers of two variant alleles but not among carriers of the common. In contrast, the intake of marine n-3 fatty acids was significantly and inversely associated with intima–media thickness only among carriers of two variant alleles (P for trend=0.007). Finally, the plasma level of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, was increased by a factor of 2 among carriers of two variant alleles as compared with that among carriers of the common allele.

Summary: Significant genotype-by-n−6 fatty acid intake interactions were observed only in whites for the 3′untranslated region (UTR) G→A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and total cholesterol (P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.03).

Summary: LPA 93C/T polymorphism resulted to significantly affect Lp(a) circulating concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, with lower concentrations shown by subjects carrying the T rare allele. Moreover, by analyzing the possible interplay between LPA 93C/T and dietary fish intake, a significant interaction between these two determinants in lowering Lp(a) concentrations was reported.

Summary: The changes in antioxidant status after tomato juice consumption seem to depend on the PON1–192 genotype. Healthy elderly, carrying the R-allele, could specificly reduce their higher cardiovascular risk by changing dietary habits.

Summary: After the high-P:S diet, a significant gene-by-diet interaction was observed for changes in plasma total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and cholesterol concentrations in small LDL particles (P

Summary: A significant interaction (P<0.001) between this variant and physical activity in predicting obesity status in African Americans(AAs) was observed. In AAs who were active, each 825T allele was associated with a 20% lower prevalence of obesity (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.689–0.937, P=0.005), whereas each 825T allele was associated with a 23% greater prevalence of obesity for low-active individuals (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.06–1.44, P=0.008). Also AA homozygotes for the 825T allele who were both obese and had a low activity level were 2.7 times more likely to be hypertensive, compared to non-obese, active 825C homozygotes (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.19–6.17, P=0.02).

Summary: Significant genotype-by-long-chain n−3 fatty acid intake interactions were observed only in African Americans for the 3′UTR C→T SNP and total cholesterol (P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.02).