Summary: β2-AR G46A polymorphism is associated with increased BP responsiveness to the DASH diet and altered activation of the RAAS, which suggests that there is an interaction of this genotype with renin release.

Summary: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern, which is rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium, lowers BP at normal concentrations of sodium intake. The DASH-Sodium study investigated the combined effects of sodium restriction and the DASH diet on BP in individuals with prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension.

Summary: In the high-intake group, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in the CT + TT group than in the CC group (p = 0.038). The SBP had a positive correlation with salt intake in the CT + TT group (p for linear trend = 0.021), but not in the CC group (p for interaction = 0.011).

Summary: A significant interaction (P<0.001) between this variant and physical activity in predicting obesity status in African Americans(AAs) was observed. In AAs who were active, each 825T allele was associated with a 20% lower prevalence of obesity (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.689–0.937, P=0.005), whereas each 825T allele was associated with a 23% greater prevalence of obesity for low-active individuals (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.06–1.44, P=0.008). Also AA homozygotes for the 825T allele who were both obese and had a low activity level were 2.7 times more likely to be hypertensive, compared to non-obese, active 825C homozygotes (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.19–6.17, P=0.02).

Summary: ACE I/D itself was not associated with blood pressure levels or hypertension. ACE I/D interacted with daily salt intake and correlated with hypertension (adjusted OR=3.6, p=0.047). In the ID+II genotype, hypertension was increased by high salt intake (p=0.005), while in the DD genotype it was not (p=0.257). The interaction was more prominent in the overweight group (adjusted OR=11.4, p=0.039) than in non-overweight group. In the overweight group, high salt intake induced a 10.5 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure in the ID+II genotype than in the DD genotype (p=0.042).