Summary: The observed increase in BMI across FTO genotypes was restricted to those who reported a high-fat diet, with a mean BMI of 25.3 (95% CI: 24.9, 25.6) among TT carriers and of 26.3 (95% CI: 25.8, 26.8) among AA carriers (P = 0.0001). The FTO variant was not associated with a higher BMI among subjects with lower fat intakes (BMI = 25.7 and 25.9 in TT carriers and AA carriers, respectively; P = 0.42). Among individuals with a low-carbohydrate intake,The study has observed a mean BMI of 25.4 for TT carriers and of 26.8 for AA carriers. The increase in BMI across genotypes was mainly restricted to individuals who reported low leisure-time physical activity (P for trend = 0.004, P for interaction = 0.05).

Summary: The CPT1A p.A275T variant was not associated with obesity phenotypes; however, when fat intake is taken into account, associations were observed for BMI and waist circumference.

Summary: Among 12 variant allele-carriers there was no significant trend observed between dietary fat intake and BMI. Incontrast, intake of MUFA was not associated with BMI among homozygous wild-type womens but was inversely associated with BMI among 12Ala variant allele-carriers. The relationship between dietary fat intake and plasma lipid concentrations also differed according to PPARG genotype.

Summary: The study has detected moderately higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) changes for the carriers of the -11377C (P=0.03) allele.

Summary: The study has detected moderately higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) changes for the carriers of the -1391A (P=0.02)

Summary: TT genotype of the +276G/T polymorphism was linked to the highest 3-year body weight gain in men. Both Mediterranean diets appeared to reverse this effect (p for interaction = 0.053).

Summary: Similar associations were observed with the C allele of rs1477196, the second most significant SNP in the OOA. In the OOA, each risk allele for rs1477196 was associated with a mean (SD) increase in BMI of 0.84 (0.25) (P <.001).

Summary: Major GG homozygotes for rs2293152 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers.

Summary: The study identified statistically significant interactions between the polymorphism and saturated fat regarding BMI in all three populations. A mean increase in BMI was observed between genotypes with high but not with low- saturated fat intake in all studies. Major allele was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in all populations only in the high-saturated fat stratum.

Summary: The study has found rs499765 correlated with serum levels of FGF21. This variant showed an association with the rs499765 C allele conferring a higher risk of NAFLD. The serum FGF21 concentrations in the subjects with the C alleles were significantly higher than those in the subjects with the G alleles

Summary: This interaction was dose-dependent, and no statistically significant heterogeneity by gender was detected. In subjects homozygous for the −1131T major allele, BMI increased as total fat intake increased. Conversely, this increase was not present in carriers of the −1131C minor allele.

Summary: In subjects homozygous for the -1131T major allele, BMI increased as total fat intake increased. Conversely, this increase was not present in carriers of the -1131C minor allele. Accordingly, the study has found significant interactions in determining obesity and overweight risks. APOA5-1131C minor allele carriers had a lower obesity risk (OR, 0.61, 95%; CI, 0.39-0.98; P = 0.032) and overweight risk (OR, 0.63, 95%; CI, 0.41-0.96; P = 0.031) compared with TT subjects in the high fat intake group (/or=30% of energy ) but not when fat intake was low (OR, 1.16, 95%; CI, 0.77-1.74; P = 0.47 and OR = 1.15, 95%; CI, 0.77-1.71; P = 0.48) for obesity and overweight, respectively). When specific fatty acid groups were analyzed, monounsaturated fats showed the highest statistical significance for these interactions.

Summary: APOA5-1131C minor allele frequency was significantly greater in hypertriglyceridemic patients than normotriglyceridemic controls. ApoA-V concentrations were not significantly different between controls and cases. Normotriglyceridemic controls with T/C and C/C showed lower apoA-V concentrations (14% and 27%, respectively), than did T/T controls. Similar genotypic effects on apoA-V were found in hypertriglyceridemic cases. In both groups, APOA5-1131T.C was associated with higher triglycerides, smaller LDL particle size, and lower HDL-cholesterol.

Summary: Anthropometric, biochemical, and OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. Genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in OS (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) were analyzed using the SNPlex system. The effects of polymorphism on promoter activity and thus thioredoxin (TXN) activity were examined using reporter assays

Summary: When controlled for age, gender, and body mass index, the intake of dietary cholesterol and saturated fats corrected for calories was inversely associated with the CB1-R 1359 G/A polymorphism, while the intake of starchy carbohydrates was directly associated with this polymorphism.

Summary: Apo E did not differentiate the weight loss, but the changes in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the genotype groups apo E E2/3, E3/3, as well as E3/4 and E4/4 combined were -0.94+/-0.56 and -0.59+/-0.32, -0.71+/-0.49 and -0.49+/-0.45, and 0.55+/-0.47 and -0.37+/-0.39 mmol/L, respectively ( P<.05 for both).

Summary: Dietary fats in percentages of energy intakes, total fat and Polyunsaturated Fats were significantly higher for carriers of the Ala12 allele (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). For PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism, significant gene-obesity interaction effects on total fat (p = 0.02), saturated fat (p = 0.03) and monounsaturated fat (p = 0.02) intakes were observed. Obese participants carrying the Ala12 allele had significantly higher intakes of total fat (p = 0.002), saturated fat (p = 0.006) and monounsaturated fat (p = 0.004) in grams.

Summary: Percentage of individuals who carry rare allele : 9.1% E*2, 26.3% E*4. The E*4 allele was related to an increased response to foods rich in Polyunsaturated Fats, provoking a rise in TG only among carriers of this allele. On the other hand, not having the E*4 allele was of benefit to individuals with frequent intake of polyunsaturated fats, since this food group was related only to increased HDL-C levels in this subset, but carriers of the E*4 allele actually had reduced HDL-C levels related to intake of these foods. Studies have shown that substituting saturated fatty acids with MUFA provokes an increase in HDLs and a reduction in serum LDLs and triglycerides, in addition to making LDLs less susceptible to oxidation.

Summary: rs1501299 x fibre interaction was significantly associated with adiponectin levels; in specific, GG homozygotes exhibited higher adiponectin levels compared to T carriers under conditions of lower fibre intake.

Summary: For the ADAM17_i33708A / G SNP, homozygotes for the A allele displayed higher risk of obesity (P=0.001), were heavier (P=0.011), had higher BMI (P=0.005), and higher waist measurements (P=0.023) than GG subjects. A significant gene-diet interaction was found (P=0.030), in which the deleterious association of the i33708A allele with obesity was observed in subjects with low intakes from (n-6) Polyunsaturated Fats (P < 0.001), whereas no differences in obesity risk were seen among subjects with high (n-6) Polyunsaturated Fats intake (P / 0.5).

Summary: Homozygote and heterozygote carriers of the major allele i22835A, representing about 96% of the population, had significantly higher mean BMI (31.5 and 31.0 kg/m2, respectively) than non-carriers (28.6 kg/m2). Conversely, homozygotes of the minor allele i22835G were leaner and were 74% less likely to be overweight or obese (OR=0.26, P=0.003) compared to homozygote carriers of the major allele.

Summary: The changes in body weight and adiposity were not different between UCP1 Bcl I, UCP2 alanine to valine (A55V), UCP2 insertion/deletion (I/D) or UCP3 Rsa I genotypes. However, the recovery from overfeeding was worse among G-allele carriers of the UCP1 Bcl I, I allele non-carriers of the UCP2 I/D, AV heterozygote subjects of the UCP2 A55V and CC subjects of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphisms. RMR was lower both before (P=0.01) and after (P=0.001) overfeeding in subjects with the CC genotype of the UCP3 Rsa I polymorphism. Moreover, after overfeeding, the UCP2 A55V heterozygote and UCP3 Rsa I CC homozygote subjects had significantly higher respiratory quotient (RQ) values at rest (P<0.01) and during the meal test (P from<0.01 to<0.05). Also mean plasma TSH concentrations 20, 30 and 45 min after the TRH injection increased more with overfeeding among UCP2 A55V (P<0.005) and UCP3 Rsa I CC (P=0.017) subjects.

Summary: Significant gene-sex interaction effects were observed for FASN Val1483Ile on total fat (p = 0.02) and saturated fat (p = 0.002) intakes as well as for the P/S ratio (p = 0.02). women carrying the Ile1483 allele had lower intakes of saturated fat, and at the opposite, men carrying the Ile1483 allele had higher intakes of saturated fat.

Summary: G allele carriers at the ADAM17_m1254A / G polymorphism exhibited significantly higher risk of obesity (P=0.003), were shorter (P=0.017), had higher insulin (P=0.016), and lower HDL-C concentrations(P=0.027) than AA subjects.

Summary: Weight loss is associated with different changes, depending on the FABP2 genotype. Carriers of Thr54 allele have a different response than wild-type obese carriers, with a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure and glucose levels in Thr54 carriers and a significant decrease in fat mass and LDL cholesterol and leptin levels in wild-type patients.

Summary: rs174537G/T showed stronger association.At baseline, men with the rs174537T allele had lower arachidonic acid (AA) and AA/linoleic acid (LA), and higher interleukin (IL)-6 levels than rs174537GG counterparts. After 3 years, rs174537GG men had significantly increased AA (P = 0.022), AA/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) (P = 0.007), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), but decreased eicosatrienoic acid. The rs174537T group showed significantly increased γ-linolenic acid and ox-LDL, and decreased eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/α-linolenic acid (ALA), and IL-6. After 3 years, the rs174537T group had lower AA (P , 0.001), AA/DGLA (P = 0.019), EPA, DPA, EPA/ALA, and urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) (P = 0.011) than rs174537GG.

Summary: The findings of the study support the functionality of both promoter SNPs and provide the association between -11391G/A SNPs and obesity-related traits and new insights into their modulations by MUFA intake.

Summary: Significant interactions (P<0.05) were observed for intakes of fat (with rs1467568),vitamin E (with all 3 SIRT1 genetic variants), and calcium and milk (with rs1467568 and haplotype 1). After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, only the interactions between vitaminE intake and rs1467568 and haplotype 1 remained significant (P<0.001).

Summary: The odds ratio (OR) for obesity (95% confidence interval [CI]) according to the presence of UCP 3 gene –55C/T polymorphism (heterozygotes and homozygotes merged together), adjusting for age, sex, and recreational physical activity, was 0.61 (0.37–1.00), p = 0.05. Interestingly, this association was only manifest among those with higher recreational physical activity (OR: 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.99, p = 0.05) and not among those with lower physical activity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI 0.41–1.70, p = 0.84).

Summary: Minor G allele carriers for rs744166 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers.

Summary: The C allele of the -174G/C IL-6 gene polymorphism was more frequently observed (P=0·032) in subjects with successful weight maintenance (<10 % weight regain).Moreover, the presence of the Ala allele of the PPARG-2 together with the C allele strengthens this protection. The �ndings support a role for these polymorphisms on weight regulation and suggest a synergetic effect of both variants on weight maintenance after following a diet to lose weight.

Summary: When the subjects were stratified by IL6R genotype, an association between WC and dietary energy intake level was found in the TT + GT–type subjects ( P for linear regression = .048), but not in GG subjects (P for linear regression = .555). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the interaction of IL6R (GG vs TT + GT) genotypes and dietary energy intake levels affected risk for abdominal obesity ( P for interaction = .030).

Summary: The genotype and allele frequencies were signifcantly different between groups,with the G-2548 allele being more frequent in the overweight subjects (p<0.01). In men, carriers of this allele had lower leptin concentrations adjusted for fat mass (p=0.05).

Summary: An interaction between the INSIG2 rs7566605 variant and the level of self-reported physical activity (pInt=0.004) was observed. A BMI difference of 0.53 (SE 0.42) kg/m2 was found when comparing physically passive homozygous C-allele carriers with physically passive G-allele carriers.

Summary: Stratified analyses of rs1861868 revealed its association with BMI to be restricted entirely to those subjects with low sex-and age-adjusted physical activity scores (P <.001); in contrast, the SNP had no effect on those with above-average physical activity scores (P = .29), with the genotype × physical activity interaction achieving statistical significance (P =.01).

Summary: Minor G allele carriers for rs8069645 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers.

Summary: A statistically significant interaction was noted between the V227A polymorphism, dietary Polyunsaturated Fats intake and serum HDL cholesterol in Chinese women (p = 0.049). In women who carried the A227 allele, increasing dietary polyunsaturated fats intake was associated with lower serum HDL-C concentration. This association was much weaker in those who were homozygous for the V227 allele.

Summary: In men, the study has observed significant gene–physical activity interactions for BMI (p=0.006), fat mass (p=0.04), abdominal visceral fat area (p=0.005) and plasma cholesterol (C) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (p=0.003). A high level of physical activity was associated with reduced adiposity and a lower plasma C/HDL-C ratio, but only in noncarriers of the genetic variant (G-60 allele). In women, no evidence of a gene by physical activity interaction was observed, except for subcutaneous abdominal fat (p=0.05).

Summary: The association between p.E531K variants within the CPT1B gene and obesity phenotypes was observed particularly in subjects consuming a high-fat diet, suggesting that this association might not be observed in populations where fat intake is low

Summary: Minor G allele carriers for rs1053005 had increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with noncarriers.

Summary: Anthropometric, biochemical, OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. Genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in OS (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) were analyzed using the SNPlex system. The effects of polymorphism on promoter activity and thus thioredoxin (TXN) activity were examined using reporter assays

Summary: In wild-type group (responders and nonresponders), BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference decreased. In mutant group, BMI, weight and waist circumference decreased. No differences were detected between basal values in both groups. Only leptin levels decreased significantly in wild-type group (11.5%; p<0.05) (57.3+/-31.5 ng/mL vs. 45.8 29.3 ng/mL; p<0.05). In mutant group, leptin increased without statistical differences (0.44%; ns).

Summary: The minor A-allele at the PLIN 11482G/A polymorphism was associated with lower baseline Body Weight. Moreover, the study has found a gene-diet interaction (P = 0.015) between this polymorphism and weight loss in patients that completed the 1-yr dietary treatment. Diet resulted in significant decreases in BW (from 114.3 +/- 3.9 kg at baseline to 105.5 +/- 3.5 kg at 1 yr; P lineal trend, 0.020) in GG patients (n = 33). Conversely, carriers of the minor A allele (n = 15) did not show significant changes in BW (from 105.0 +/- 4.6 kg at baseline to 104.3 +/- 4.4 kg at 1 yr; P lineal trend, 0.985). This gene-diet interaction remained statistically significant, even after adjustment for differences in BW at baseline and for other potential confounders.

Summary: Obesity measures (waist and hip circumference, BMI) did not differ between GG subjects and carriers of the A allele (GA and AA). When complex carbohydrate intake was <144 g/d, waist circumference was larger in PLIN 11482G / A carriers (P = 0.024). Conversely, when complex carbohydrate intake was ≥144 g/d, waist and hip circumferences were less in PLIN 11482G / A carriers (P < 0.05). These interactions were not found for simple sugars or total carbohydrates.

Summary: For the carriers on minor allele insulin resistance was obeserved for the intake of saturated fat and carbohydrate

Summary: Lp-PLA2 genotype is associated with body composition. In healthy young men exposed to prolonged rigorous exercise. The study proposed a novel role for PLA2 in the development of obesity, and by its association Cardiovascular disease.

Summary: The interaction between Polyunsaturated Fats n3 and rs8887 showed significant association modulating BMI, weight and waist circumference where minor allele carriers showed reduced anthropometrics in response to Polyunsaturated Fats n3 compared to non-carriers. In addition carriers of the rs8887 minor allele showed increased subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to non-carriers. Performing the analyses by gender revealed an association with rs8887 and with only male carriers having greater volume than non-carriers.

Summary: An interaction between rs884164 and Polyunsaturated Fats n3 showed BMI, weight, waist, glucose and TAG levels are increased in carriers of the minor allele with elevated Polyunsaturated Fats n3 intake. Furthermore, rs884164 showed significant interaction with Polyunsaturated Fats n6 with HDL levels decreasing and TAG increasing among minor allele carriers with elevated Polyunsaturated Fats n6 intake. The minor allele subjects showed elevated levels for each trait, compared to non-carriers.

Summary: Elderly men (/or=50 years) carrying 482Ser had an increased risk of obesity compared with subjects who were homozygous for the wild-type allele (odds ratio [OR]=1.99, 95% CI 1.14-3.47, p=0.015). The risk was restricted to men with a low leisure-time physical activity level, and was significantly weaker (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.87, p=0.018) for the homozygous 482Gly carriers among this subgroup. No association with obesity was found in elderly men with a high level of physical activity, in younger men, or in women of any age group or level of physical activity.

Summary: Analyzing the association of UCP2 and UCP3 polymorphisms, statistical analyses of changes of BMI and fat mass induced by VLCD among women who had finished a one-month weight control program (n = 301) revealed that two polymorphisms in UCP2-3 gene cluster were associated with the changes of BMI induced by VLCD, including UCP2 866G/A and UCP2-UCP3-ht1.

Summary: After the high-P:S diet, a significant gene-by-diet interaction was observed for changes in plasma total cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, and cholesterol concentrations in small LDL particles (P

Summary: The results of the study showed that carriers of the 12Ala allele allocated to the control group had a statistically significant higher change in waist circumference (adjusted difference coefficient=2·37 cm; P=0·014) compared with wild-type subjects after 2 years of nutritional intervention.This adverse effect was not observed among 12Ala carriers allocated to both Mediterranean diet groups. In diabetic patients a statistically significant interaction between Mediterranean diet and the 12Ala allele regarding waist circumference change was observed (25·85 cm; P=0·003).

Summary: The fasting insulin concentration was negatively associated with the P:S ratio (P = 0.0119) after adjustment for age and sex, and a strong interaction was evident between the P:S ratio and the Pro12Ala polymorphism for both BMI (P = 0.0038) and fasting insulin (P = 0.0097).

Summary: At baseline, BMI, percent body fat, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous abdominal fat areas,resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, and postprandial glucose and insulin responses were not different between genotypes (Pro/Pro=56, Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala=14). The intervention similarly decreased body weight by 8+/-1% in women homozygous for the Pro allele and by 7+/-1% in women with the Ala allele (P < 0.0001). Fat oxidation did not change in Pro/Pro women but decreased 19 6 9% in women with the Ala allele (P < 0.05). Changes in glucose area were not different between groups; however, women with the Ala allele decreased their insulin area more than women homozygous for the Pro allele (P<0.05). Weight regain during follow-up was greater in women with the Ala allele than women homozygous for the Pro allele (5.4+/-0.9 vs. 2.8+/-0.4 kg, P < 0.01). PPAR-g2 genotype was the best predictor of weight regain (r=0.50, P < 0.01),followed by the change in fat oxidation (partial r=0.35,P < 0.05; cumulative r=0.58).

Summary: At baseline the Ser482Ser genotype was associated with higher HOMA-IR and insulin concentrations than the other genotypes ( p < 0.05), which was accompanied by an increased higher risk of IR (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.24–7.15). After following the LCD, such increased risk of insulin insensitivity in Ser482Ser carriers was toned down ( p / 0.05). This outcome was sustained after 6-month and 1-year of follow-up ( p / 0.05).

Summary: A significant interaction (P<0.001) between this variant and physical activity in predicting obesity status in African Americans(AAs) was observed. In AAs who were active, each 825T allele was associated with a 20% lower prevalence of obesity (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.689–0.937, P=0.005), whereas each 825T allele was associated with a 23% greater prevalence of obesity for low-active individuals (OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.06–1.44, P=0.008). Also AA homozygotes for the 825T allele who were both obese and had a low activity level were 2.7 times more likely to be hypertensive, compared to non-obese, active 825C homozygotes (OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.19–6.17, P=0.02).

Summary: In the study an association was demonstrated between PROP sensitivity and the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2274333 ( + 292A/G) within a coding sequence of the gustin/carbonic anhydrase VI gene.

Summary: Analyzing the association of UCP2 and UCP3 polymorphisms, statistical analyses of changes of BMI and fat mass induced by VLCD among women who had finished a one-month weight control program (n = 301) revealed that two polymorphisms in UCP2-3 gene cluster were associated with the changes of BMI induced by VLCD, including UCP2 866G/A and UCP2-UCP3-ht1.

Summary: When dietary fat intake was 30% of total energy intake [percentage energy (%E)], the odds of being obese with the TNFA GA+AA genotype was only 12% of that with GG, but increasing intake of dietary fat (%E) was associated with a significantly faster rate of increase in obesity risk in women with the TNFA GA+AA genotype compared with those with the GG genotype (P = 0.036). There were significant diet-gene interactions between alpha-linolenic acid (%E) and the total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0.036), and Polyunsaturated Fats (%E) and LDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.026), with participants with the A allele being more responsive to changes in relative fat intake.

Summary: In the sedentary state, the A/A homozygotes were significantly heavier and fatter than the heterozygotes and the C/C homozygotes in men (p=0.004) but not in women (p=0.331; gene-by-sex interaction p=0.0053). The FTO genotype was associated with body fat responses to regular exercise(p<0.005; adjusted for age, sex, and baseline value of response trait): carriers of the C-allele showed three times greater fat mass and percentage of body fat losses than the A/A homozygotes.

Summary: GG genotype of the +45T/G polymorphism was associated with 3-year higher body weight gain (B = 1.399; B = 0.043)